The Social Life Of Small Urban Spaces Pdf Download

Cities

A city is a place where thousands or even millions of people live in a very small-scale surface area. Cities are much larger and more important than towns or villages. Today, about half of the world's population live in cities.

Parts of a city

Today's mod cities often have 3 feature areas. The centre of the urban center is chosen downtown. It consists of stores, banks, government buildings and cultural attractions. Many people come to work in the downtown expanse. In large cities the downtown expanse is full of skyscrapers.

An industrial region with factories, warehouses, mills and other industries lies around the downtown area.

Suburbs are the places farthest away from the city centre. They are new residential areas where almost people alive. Suburbs have their ain stores and shopping malls just people frequently have to travel an hour or longer to work downtown.

Sections of a city

Life in Cities

Cities take become very attractive places because they offering people non only jobs and work just also many things they tin can do in their complimentary time. You can go to museums or art exhibitions, relax in public parks, mind to music at concerts or eat out at expensive restaurants that offer food from all over the world. Big department stores give you lot the pleasance of buying many things without leaving the building.

Macy's -A department store in New York

Macy's -A department store in New York - Martin Dürrschnabel

Cities offering their residents and the people who work there a diversity of ways of getting around. Many people walk or ride a bike, which is ofttimes the fastest fashion to get around in a crowded metropolis.

All cities offer at least some forms of public transport: buses, trains or trams. Big cities have subways that travel clandestine.

A city has its own authorities, chosen the metropolis council. The head of a urban center is its mayor. City governments have many things to care for. They must organize their own law forcefulness to protect the citizens and fight crime. They must provide residents with drinking water, electricity, heating, hospitals and services to go rid of waste material. The urban center quango must decide in which parts of the metropolis new factories or houses tin can be built.

City definitions

The term metropolitan area is used to ascertain the city itself and the surrounding suburbs or other urban areas. The city of New York, for example, has a population of 8 million, just its metropolitan area includes many other cities around information technology: a total of nearly 20 million people in all.

Megalopolis is a term used to describe large cities that are so close to each other that they start to grow together. Boswash, for example, is a megalopolis that reaches from Boston to Washington, D.C. New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore likewise belong to this region. Almost fifty million people alive here.

Megacity is a word used to describe very large cities, more often than not over 10 million people. Examples are United mexican states Metropolis, Sao Paolo, Mumbai and others. Most of them are in developing countries where thousands of people migrate from the countryside to the cities every day.

Boswash - From Boston to Washington

History of Cities

In prehistoric times people were hunters and travelled around. They never lived in one place. Equally they started to abound crops and raise animals they settled in villages which later grew to larger towns.

Aboriginal Cities

The first real cities emerged in Mesopotamia about 5,000 years ago. In ancient cities people were not but farmers, they also were craftsmen. People lived together in larger houses or buildings. Many cities had walls effectually them that protected the inhabitants from enemies. The fundamental part of the city included a temple or a place to pray.

The biggest ancient metropolis was Rome. Up to i million people lived there, in many aspects Rome was a modern city with streets, marketplace places, arenas, parks and even a sewage system.

The people in ancient cities were divided into classes. Government officials, soldiers and priests belonged to the upper classes. The middle and lower classes were made upwardly of merchants, farmers and craft workers. Newcomers and slaves had to live outside the city and were seen as outcasts.

Medieval cities

Subsequently the fall of the Roman Empire the population of cities fell. Trading between cities, which the Romans started, stopped again.

Medieval cities were pocket-size in size. The centre was often occupied past a Gothic cathedral, the metropolis'southward chief church. Information technology was the most expensive building in the city and showed that religion was very of import during the Middle Ages.

Equally in ancient cities, medieval ones were dirty and diseases spread quickly. Land in the city was very expensive. Cities could not expand because of the walls around them. In some cases, city governments tore down the walls and rebuilt them farther away from the city.

During the Center Ages members of the family, servants and workers oft lived in the same firm. Craft workers and merchants were organized in guilds, a new economic class in the cities. There were guilds for bakers, goldsmiths, tailors and other groups.

Towards the end of the Middle Ages trade started to become of import again. Venice, one of the biggest cities of the time, became a heart of trade in the Mediterranean region. Other trading centres included northern High german cities, Hamburg and Lübeck, Antwerp in Belgium and London.

Industrial cities

The Industrial Revolution and the growth of factories inverse the lives of many people. Many people started to leave their farms in the countryside and moved to the cities where they hoped to get jobs in new factories. Machines could do work much quicker than people. Many skilled craft workers lost their piece of work.

The industrial city focused on factories, warehouses, railway lines and harbours. Workers lived in cheap terraced houses. The central parts of the urban center were very crowded; the air was polluted by the fume coming out of the factories. Garbage and rusting metallic was dumped everywhere. Mill workers had tiring jobs, in which they worked up to 16 hours a 24-hour interval.

Only few people became rich during the Industrial Revolution. Mill owners made big profits and built themselves houses exterior the city.

Modern cities of the 20th century

In the 20th century cities grew more than than always before. Architects discovered a new way to get more space in the city. They built skyscrapers.

As time went on more and more than people moved abroad from the inner parts of the urban center and settled downward in the suburbs, which were places where it was quieter and where the quality of life was better. These suburbs became small towns with their own part buildings and shopping centres. Residents can work and live there without having to travel long distances to the center. Poorer people, however, stayed in the centres and formed ghettos. They lacked the money to buy houses or flats in the more expensive suburbs.

Today's cities are much larger than cities in previous times. With the aid of cars and public ship people can become to all parts of a city very chop-chop.

Skyscraper in Chicago

Skyscraper in Chicago - http://www.flickr.com/photos/solarwind-chicago/3605736668/

City issues

Modern cities all over the globe face up the same problems. One of them is poor housing. People frequently alive in old houses or huts that don't accept electricity or sanitation. As city population grows governments don't have the money to build modern apartment buildings.

Cars and industries are polluting city air and rivers more and more. Waste that people throw abroad is burned or ends up in landfills. All of this makes modernistic cities an unhealthy identify to live in.

Especially during morning and evening blitz hours cities go packed with vehicles . Daily traffic jams make it incommunicable for people to get to piece of work in time. Urban center authorities are spending more and more than money on public transportation and are talking other steps to reduce traffic in cities. A few years ago the London mayor made people pay to drive their cars into the city centre.

Traffic jam in Moscow

Traffic jam in Moscow - Nevermind2

Cities of today confront many social problems. Criminal offense, alcoholism and drug addiction is particularly loftier in cities. Many young people are unemployed .

Larger multiethnic cities confront conflicts betwixt groups with different cultural backgrounds. Blacks and whites in the The states and S Africa had a violent history in the 20th century.

Even though residents of cities have a higher standard of living in that location remain many poor people. Government organizations work hard to get rid of poverty. They try to give such people ameliorate instruction and jobs.

Futurity of cities

Equally the world'due south population is constantly on the rise more than and more people are moving to cities. Some local governments are trying to relieve cities of overpopulation by building new towns outside city areas.

Cities volition take to go greener. Mod buildings will rely on new energy forms. Traffic volition take to change drastically.

Downloadable PDF Text- and Worksheets

Cities - Text (PDF - 418 KB)

Online Exercises

Cities - Multiple Choice Exercise
Cities - Crossword Puzzle
Vocabulary Matching Exercise
Megacities - Detect the cities on the map

Words

ancient = old
fine art exhibition = room or building in which you tin can see paintings past artists
aspect = way
attraction = something interesting to run across
attractive = liked by many people
intendance for = to do things for the people
feature = very typical of something
denizen = a person who lives in a city or country and has rights there
city authorities = people or organizations who control the city and govern it
consist of = made up of
constantly = ever
craft workers = people who are skilled at something
craftsman = someone who is skilled and tin brand things with his hands
ingather = a plant like wheat or rice that is grown by farmers and sold equally nutrient
crowded = packed full with people
department store = a large store that is divided into many sections; each department sells something else
developing land = a poor country of the Third Globe
disease = illness
distance = infinite from i place to some other
drastically = very much
drug addiction = if you have to accept drugs regularly without stopping
dump = get rid of , throw away
electricity = the power that is in wires and cables and which is used to make things work
emerge = come up upwards
specially =to a higher place all, more than ever
expand = grow
face up = bargain with
factory = building in which people produce goods with machines
flat = apartment
focus on = to exist in the spotlight, centre
garbage = waste
get around = travel from one place to another
get rid of = do away with , stop
goldsmith = someone who makes or sells things fabricated of golden
Gothic = edifice style with sharp tall towers
government = the people who rule a urban center
growth = increase; when something gets bigger
guild = organisation of people who have the same jobs
harbour =place where ships stay when they load or unload appurtenances
housing = the houses that people live in and in which status they are
all the same = only
hut = simple house, often with merely one room
include = to be office of something
inhabitant = person who lives in a identify
lack = not to accept plenty of
landfill = identify where waste material is buried under the ground
local = city
mayor = the dominate of a city
medieval = nearly the Middle Ages
Mediterranean = region between Europe and Africa
merchant = person who buys and sells things
metropolitan = belonging to a urban center
drift = to go to a country to alive or detect work there
manufacturing plant = factory
multiethnic = total of people from different countries
newcomer = someone who has but arrived
occupy = here: take upwards
offer = give
on the ascension = go upwardly
outcast = someone who is not accepted past other people; outsider
owner = person whom something belongs to
pleasance = happiness, satisfaction
police force = the police organisation of a urban center
pollute = to make muddied
poor = bad
population =all the people that live in a place
poverty = the state of affairs of being very poor
prehistoric = aboriginal, old
previous = here: some fourth dimension agone
profit = income , coin y'all earn
protect = defend, keep safe
provide = give
public = open to everybody
public send = buses, trains, subways that are here for everyone to utilize
raise animals = feed animals and then that you can sell their milk or meat
reach = go from … to …
reduce = to make something smaller or less
relax = rest
relieve = to make a problem better
rely = to depend on so that you lot can go on living
remain = stay
resident = a person who lives in a city
residential expanse = part of town where only people alive; with no factories or offices
rush hour = time of day when lots of cars travel and buses and trains are full considering many people are travelling to work
rust = reddish-chocolate-brown cloth that forms when steel or fe gets wet
sanitation = to remove waste and make dirty h2o clean once again
servant = person who works in the household
service = special help or work
settle = to beginning living in a identify
sewage system = waste product and used water that a business firm produces ; it is transported away in pipes under the footing
shopping mall = shopping centre with many dissimilar kinds of stores
skilled = if you tin can do special piece of work
skyscraper = a very tall and modern edifice
slave = someone who is owned past another person and works for them for little or no money
soldier = a person who goes to war for a country
spread = movement from one place to some other
step = activity
suburb = area in which people live, which is far away from the urban center middle
surround = around an object
tailor = a person who makes clothes so that they fit a person perfectly
tear –tore = rip or split up open
temple = a edifice where people go to pray
term = discussion, phrase
terraced house = a house which is function of a row of houses joined together
trade = buy and sell products
traffic = all the cars, buses, bikes etc.. that motion on a street
traffic jam = long line of cars on a route that cannot move or move very slowly
unemployed = out of work, with no job
unhealthy = bad for your trunk
urban = city-like
variety = many different
vehicle = automobile with an engine that transports people or things
violent = full of activeness in which people are killed or shot
warehouse = a large edifice where you keep many products
waste = unwanted materials that people throw away afterward they take used them

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